Jojoba Frön (Simmondsia chinensis)

Jojoba Frön (Simmondsia chinensis)

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Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis), är en buske som har sitt ursprung kring Sonora- och Mojaveöknen i delstaterna Arizona, Kalifornien, och i Mexiko. Arten är den enda medlemmen i familjen jojobaväxter.

Edible Fruits, Attracts Birds, Wildlife Food/Shelter, Heat and Drought Tolerant, Long Lived, Desert Shrub, Xeriscape Shrub

Native to the Sonoran Desert (Soutwest Arizona, California, Northern Mexico and Baja California), Jojoba is an evergreen shrub that slowly grows 4 to 12 feet. It is a dioecious perennial, (separate male and female plants), with smooth, gray-green leaves. Leaves are oblong and leathery with an upward growth habit. Jojoba is long lived, having a life span of 100 to 200 years. This is a very drought tolerant shrub which performs well in the Southwest where temperatures are quite mild. The evergreen foliage provides year-round food opportunity for many animals, especially deer, javelina, bighorn sheep and livestock. Nuts are eaten by many animals, including squirrels and other rodents, rabbits and larger birds. However, only Bailey’s pocket mouse is known to be able to digest the wax. In large quantities, the seed meal is toxic to many mammals and the indigestible wax acts as a laxative in humans.

Jojoba produces an edible oil from its fruit. Jojoba is grown commercially for its oil, a liquid wax ester, extracted from the seed. Indigenous Native Americans in the Sonora and Baja California used jojoba seed and oil for cooking, hair care and for treatments of many medical problems such as poison ivy, sores, wounds, colds, cancer, and kidney malfunction. Seeds may also be boiled to make a well-flavored drink similar to coffee, hence the name Coffeberry.

Jojoba is unique among plants in that its seeds contain an oil which is a liquid wax. Oil of Jojoba is obtained by expression or solvent extraction. It is light yellow, unsaturated, of unusual stability, remarkably pure and need not be refined for use as a transformer oil or as a lubricant for high-speed machinery or machines operating at high temperatures. The oil does not become rancid, is not damaged by repeated heating to temperatures over 295°C and requires little refining to obtain maximum purity. Jojoba oil can be easily hydrogenated into a hard white wax, with a melting point of about 73°–74°C and is second in hardness only to carnauba wax. The oil is a potential source of both saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids and alcohols. It is also suitable for sulfurization to produce lubricating oil and a rubber-like material (factice) suitable for use in printing ink and linoleum. The residual meal from expression or extraction contains 30–35% protein.

Leaf: simple, oblong, coarse, leathery, blue-green, to 2.5inches long; distinctive stiff, upward orientation to leaves, in pairs.
Flower: Dioecious (separate male and female plants), small clusters of yellow flowers. Flowers are apetalous (no petals), the female ones usually solitary in the axils, the male ones clustered with 10 to 12 stamens per flower; female flowers have 5 soft and hairy greenish sepals.

Fruit: Only on female plants when males are also present; 1inch oval, brown, nut-like berries that split open when ripe.

Other Names: Goat Nut, Deer Nut, Pignut, Wild Hazel, Quinine Nut, Coffeeberry, Gray Box Bush

Zone: 9 to 11 Cold tolerant to 17 degrees F. This plant cannot take hard freezes.

Growth Rate: Slow

Plant Type: Broadleaf Long Lived Evergreen Shrub
Family: Simmondsiaceae

Native Range: Southwestern United States and Mexico

Height: 5 to 8 feet
Spread: 5 to 10 feet

Bloom Time: Spring

Bloom Color: Yellow

Sun: Full Sun
Fall Color: Evergreen

Drought Tolerance: High

Water: Low
Maintenance: Low

Site Requirements /Soil Tolerances: Prefers dry soils. It likes full sun, no water after established. If your ground freezes regularly forget this plant. It needs rock mulch if you live in an area that has extreme summer temperatures and no summer rain.

Culture: Jojoba plants produce flower buds on the new summer growth. The plants must experience a certain number of chilling hours, after which the buds will mature and open in response to a late winter rain.

Uses: Hedge, street medians, privacy screen, valuable agricultural plant for oil (from berries).

Sowing Simmondsia chinensis Seeds:

For best results, please follow the instructions in the order provided.

Scarify: Lightly sand a small part of the seed with sandpaper or a file, then pour Hot water over seeds. Soak for 24 hours.

Stratify: None

Germination: Sow 1” Deep. Keep Warm and moist (Not wet).

For more information about seed pretreatment and growing trees and shrubs from seed, please try the following links:

http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/fcpg018.pdf/$file/fcpg018.pdf