Papaver rhoeas, with common names including common poppy, corn poppy, corn rose, field poppy, Flanders poppy, and red poppy is an annual herbaceous species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is notable as an agricultural weed (hence the common names including "corn" and "field")
Papaver rhoeas, with common names including common poppy, corn poppy, corn rose, field poppy, Flanders poppy, and red poppy is an annual herbaceous species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is notable as an agricultural weed (hence the common names including "corn" and "field"). Especially in the UK, it is used as a symbol of remembrance of the fallen soldiers and another military, during World War I and thereafter.
Papaver rhoeas is a variable, erect annual, forming a long-lived soil seed bank that can germinate when the soil is disturbed. In the northern hemisphere it generally flowers in late spring (between May and October in the UK) but if the weather is warm enough other flowers frequently appear at the beginning of autumn. It grows up to about 70 cm (28 in) in height. The stems hold single flowers, which are large and showy, 5–10 cm (2–4 in) across, with four petals that are vivid red, most commonly with a black spot at their base. The petals slightly overlap each other. The plant can produce up to 400 flowers in a warm season, that last only one day. The flower stem is usually covered with coarse hairs that are held at right angles to the surface, helping to distinguish it from Papaver dubium in which the hairs are more usually appressed (i.e. held close to the stem). The capsules are hairless, obovoid (egg-shaped), less than twice as tall as they are wide, with a stigma at least as wide as the capsule. Like many other species of Papaver, the plant exudes white to yellowish latex when the tissues are broken.
Not all corn poppies that are available commercially have red flowers. Selective breeding has resulted in cultivars in yellow, orange, pink, and white. The Shirley poppy is a well known cultivar. A very pale speckled variety, derived from the Shirley, is also available.
A nearly black-flowering hybrid, known as 'Evelina', was bred in Italy in the late 1990s, with P. dubium, but does not appear to be available commercially.
Phytochemistry
Papaver rhoeas contains the alkaloid called rhoeadine, which is a mild sedative. Rhoeadic acid, papaveric acid and rhoeagenine are also found in this plant.
Uses
The commonly grown garden decorative Shirley poppy is a cultivar of this plant.
The black seeds are edible and can be eaten either on their own or as an ingredient in bread. Oil made from the seed is highly regarded in France.
The petals contain a red dye which is used in some medicines and wines; also the dried petals are occasionally used to give colour to potpourris.
In traditional folk medicine, it was used for gout, aches, and pains. The petals were used to create a syrup that was fed to children to help them sleep.
| HEIRLOOM ? | Yes |
|---|---|
| Organic Seeds ? | Organic Seeds |
| Organic/natural ? | Organic/Natural: Yes |
| Edible ? | Edible |
| Life Cycle: | Annual Plant: Yes |
| Handpicked seeds ? | Handpicked seeds |
| Suitable for growing in flower pot ? | Suitable for pot: Yes |
| Plant height ? | Plant height (about) 60 cm (23.622 inch) |
| Medicinal Plant ? | Medicinal Plant: Yes |
| Scientific name: | Papaver rhoeas |
| Sun Exposure ? | Full sun from an early age |
| Growth Rate ? | Fast Growth Rate |
| Planting Time? | Planting Time: Spring |
| Indoor/Outdoor? | Indoor/Outdoor: Outdoor |
| Soil Type? | Soil Type: Any |
| Watering? | Watering: Low |
| Cultivating Difficulty? | Cultivating Difficulty: Easy |
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